ORAI1 regulates sustained cytosolic free calcium fluctuations during breast cancer cell apoptosis and apoptotic resistance via a STIM1 independent pathway.

Excessive rapid increases in cytosolic free Ca 2+ have a clear association with the induction of cancer cell death. Whereas, characterizing the Ca 2+ signaling events that occur during the progression of the apoptotic cascade over a period of hours or days, has not yet been possible. Now using genetically encoded Ca 2+ indicators complemented with automated epifluorescence microscopy we have shown that staurosporine-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was associated with delayed development of cytosolic free Ca 2+ fluctuations, which were then maintained for 24 h. These cytosolic free Ca 2+ fluctuations were dependent on the Ca 2+ channel ORAI1. Silencing of ORAI1, but not its canonical activators STIM1 and STIM2, promoted apoptosis in this model. The pathway for this regulation implicates a mechanism previously associated with the migration of cancer cells involving ORAI1, the chaperone protein SigmaR1, and Ca 2+ -activated K + channels.