Evaluating the Incidence and Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas.
Devon A CohenFrancisco R Sanchez MorenoM Tariq BhattiGiuseppe LanzinoJohn J ChenPublished in: Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society (2023)
This is the first population-based study to show a low incidence rate of CCFs, supporting the notion that it is an uncommon condition. Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations are common, especially chemosis/conjunctival injection and CN VI palsy. Up to a third of patients with CCF can be asymptomatic and may be found incidentally on neuroimaging during the evaluation for unrelated symptoms.