The Majority of Black Orthopaedic Surgeons Report Experiencing Racial Microaggressions During Their Residency Training.

To better understand barriers to the successful recruitment and retention of Black physicians in orthopaedics, the extent of racial discrimination, bias, and exclusion in residency training must be quantified. This study demonstrates that racial discrimination, bias, and exclusion during residency, wholly categorized as racial microaggressions, are frequently recalled by Black orthopaedic surgeons. A better understanding of the context of these experiences of Black trainees is a necessary starting point for the development of a more inclusive workplace training environment in orthopaedic surgery.