Multiplex SNP Genotyping Using SWITCH: Sequence-Specific Nanoparticle with Interpretative Toehold-Mediated Sequence Decoding in Hydrogel.
Woongsun ChoiEunhye ParkSeojin BaeKyung-Hak ChoiSangeun HanKuk-Hui SonDo Young LeeIl-Joo ChoHyejeong SeongKyo Seon HwangJwa-Min NamJungkyu ChoiHyojin LeeNakwon ChoiPublished in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2021)
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can alter phenotypes of individuals play a pivotal role in disease development and, more importantly, responses to therapy. However, SNP genotyping has been challenging due to the similarity of SNP alleles and their low concentration in biological samples. Sequence-specific nanoparticle with interpretative toehold-mediated sequence decoding in hydrogel (SWITCH) for multiplex SNP genotyping is presented. The encoding with gold nanoparticle probes transduces each SNP target to ≈1000 invaders with prominently different sequences between wild and mutant types, featuring polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-free amplification. Subsequently, the toehold-mediated DNA replacement in hydrogel microparticles decodes the invaders via SNP-specific fluorescence signals. The 4-plex detection of the warfarin-associated SNP targets spiked in commercially validated human serum (S1-100ML, Merck) is successfully demonstrated with excellent specificity. This work is the first technology development presenting PCR-free, multiplex SNP genotyping with a single reporting fluorophore, to the best of knowledge.
Keyphrases
- genome wide
- genetic diversity
- dna methylation
- real time pcr
- high throughput
- high density
- drug delivery
- single molecule
- healthcare
- small molecule
- stem cells
- hyaluronic acid
- emergency department
- atrial fibrillation
- case report
- label free
- adverse drug
- single cell
- sensitive detection
- structural basis
- energy transfer
- wild type
- loop mediated isothermal amplification