International review of national-level guidelines on end-of-life care with focus on the withholding and withdrawing of artificial nutrition and hydration.

The present findings show that end-of-life care guidelines are generally made reactively in response to the trend toward patient-centered care, and that to create effective guidelines and implement them requires multilevel cooperation between governmental bodies, healthcare teams, and patients and their families. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 847-853.