A nomogram model for the occurrence of bladder spasm after TURP in patients with prostate enlargement based on serum prostacyclin and 5-hydroxytryptamine and clinical characteristics.

Preoperative anxiety, drainage tube obstruction, and elevated postoperative serum PGI2 and 5-HT levels are independent risk factors for bladder spasm after TURP. The nomogram model based on the aforementioned independent risk factors had good discrimination and predictive abilities, which may provide a high guidance value for predicting the occurrence of bladder spasm in clinical practice.