Migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells is controlled by transforming growth factor β family proteins during corticogenesis.
Youngshik ChoeTrung HuynhSamuel J PleasurePublished in: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2015)
During embryonic development oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are generated first in the ventral forebrain and migrate dorsally to occupy the cortex. The molecular cues that guide this migratory route are currently completely unknown. Here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (Bmp4), Bmp7, and Tgfβ1 produced by the meninges and pericytes repelled ventral OPCs into the cortex at mouse embryonic stages. Ectopic activation of Bmp or Tgfβ1 signaling before the entrance of OPCs into the cortex hindered OPC migration into the cortical areas. OPCs without Smad4 signaling molecules also failed to migrate into the cortex efficiently and formed heterotopia in ventral areas. OPC migration into the cortex was also dramatically reduced by conditional inhibition of Tgfβ1 or Bmp expression from mesenchymal cells. The data suggest that mesenchymal Tgfβ family proteins promote migration of ventral OPCs into the cortex during corticogenesis.
Keyphrases
- transforming growth factor
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- functional connectivity
- spinal cord
- mesenchymal stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- deep brain stimulation
- stem cells
- bone marrow
- cell cycle arrest
- bone regeneration
- signaling pathway
- machine learning
- cell death
- spinal cord injury
- big data
- single molecule
- cell proliferation
- artificial intelligence
- pi k akt