For patients undergoing nonemergent noncardiac surgery, care must be taken to identify patients at increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, as these remain a significant source of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Identification of at-risk patients requires careful attention to risk factors including assessment of functional status, medical comorbidities, and a medication assessment. After identification, to minimize perioperative cardiac risk, care should be taken through a combination of appropriate medication management, close monitoring for cardiovascular ischemic events, and optimization of pre-existing medical conditions. There are multiple society guidelines that aim to mitigate risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing nonemergent noncardiac surgery. However, the rapid evolution of medical literature often creates gaps between the existing evidence and best practice recommendations. In this review, we aim to reconcile the recommendations made in the guidelines from the major cardiovascular and anesthesiology societies from the USA, Canada, and Europe, and to provide updated recommendations based on new evidence.
Keyphrases
- patients undergoing
- healthcare
- cardiac surgery
- cardiovascular events
- clinical practice
- minimally invasive
- risk factors
- acute kidney injury
- coronary artery bypass
- end stage renal disease
- palliative care
- quality improvement
- newly diagnosed
- coronary artery disease
- left ventricular
- chronic kidney disease
- systematic review
- ejection fraction
- adverse drug
- cardiovascular disease
- patient reported outcomes
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- heart failure
- patient reported
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- brain injury
- atrial fibrillation
- loop mediated isothermal amplification