The Role of Neuroinflammation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.
Bei WenYinbing PanJianguo ChengLi XuJijun XuPublished in: Journal of pain research (2023)
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is an excess and/or prolonged pain and inflammation condition that follows an injury to a limb. The pathogenesis of CRPS is multifaceted that remains incompletely understood. Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Dysregulated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and maintenance of pain and nociceptive neuronal sensitization, which may contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain and the perpetuation of chronic pain in CRPS. The key features of neuroinflammation encompass infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory mediators in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This article reviews the role of neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of CRPS from six perspectives: neurogenic inflammation, neuropeptides, glial cells, immune cells, cytokines, and keratinocytes. The objective is to provide insights that can inform future research and development of therapeutic targets for CRPS.
Keyphrases
- chronic pain
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- inflammatory response
- lps induced
- oxidative stress
- induced apoptosis
- traumatic brain injury
- cerebral ischemia
- cognitive impairment
- pain management
- neuropathic pain
- cell cycle arrest
- cell death
- toll like receptor
- systematic review
- signaling pathway
- blood brain barrier
- spinal cord
- cell proliferation
- immune response
- respiratory failure
- drug induced
- mechanical ventilation
- chemotherapy induced