Recent Advancements in the Application of Circulating Tumor DNA as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cancers.
Mahima MishraRubai AhmedDeepak Kumar DasDevlina Das PramanikSandeep Kumar DashArindam PramanikPublished in: ACS biomaterials science & engineering (2024)
Early detection of cancer is vital for increasing patient survivability chances. The three major techniques used to diagnose cancers are instrumental examination, tissue biopsy, and tumor biomarker detection. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has gained much attention in recent years due to advantages over traditional technology, such as high sensitivity, high specificity, and noninvasive nature. Through the mechanism of apoptosis, necrosis, and circulating exosome release in tumor cells, ctDNA can spread throughout the circulatory system and carry modifications such as methylations, mutations, gene rearrangements, and microsatellite instability. Traditional gene-detection technology struggles to achieve real-time, low-cost, and portable ctDNA measurement, whereas electrochemical biosensors offer low cost, high specificity alongside sensitivity, and portability for the detection of ctDNA. Therefore, this review focuses on describing the recent advancements in ctDNA biomarkers for various cancer types and biosensor developments for real-time, noninvasive, and rapid ctDNA detection. Further in the review, ctDNA sensors are also discussed in regards to their selections of probes for receptors based on the electrode surface recognition elements.
Keyphrases
- circulating tumor
- low cost
- label free
- circulating tumor cells
- cell free
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- real time pcr
- papillary thyroid
- gold nanoparticles
- small molecule
- copy number
- cell death
- case report
- mass spectrometry
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- squamous cell
- gene expression
- quantum dots
- dna methylation
- childhood cancer
- lymph node metastasis
- working memory
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- molecularly imprinted