Immunomodulatory and pro-oncologic effects of ketamine and isoflurane anesthetics in a murine model.
Dominique AbrahamsArig Ibrahim-HashimRobert S AckermanJoel S BrownChristopher J WhelanMegan B GarfinkelRobert A GatenbyAaron R MunceyPublished in: PloS one (2023)
The immune system appears central to the pro-metastatic effects of isoflurane and ketamine in a murine model, with decreased T lymphocytes and monocytes likely playing a role.