Boldine treatment protects acetaminophen-induced liver inflammation and acute hepatic necrosis in mice.
Ezhilarasan DevarajSubramanian RaghunandhakumarPublished in: Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology (2021)
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a frequent cause responsible for acute liver failure (ALF). Acetaminophen (APAP) is a known hepatotoxin predictably causing intrinsic DILI. At high doses, APAP causes acute liver necrosis and responsible for ALF and liver transplant cases in 50% and 20% of patients, respectively, in the United States alone. Oxidative stress and glutathione depletion are implicated in APAP-induced liver necrosis. Boldine, a plant-derived compound is shown to have promising antioxidant potential. Therefore, this study investigates the protective effect of boldine against APAP-induced acute hepatic necrosis in mice. A single toxic dose of APAP (300 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) was administered in overnight-fasted mice to induce acute liver necrosis. Separately, APAP + boldine and APAP + N-acetylcysteine (NAC) simultaneous treatments were also given. Serum transaminases and reduced glutathione, enzymic antioxidants, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and, IL-6 were evaluated in liver tissue. Acute APAP intoxication significantly elevated serum marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity. APAP administration increased lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 protein expressions. The enzymic antioxidants and reduced glutathione levels were decreased in liver tissue of APAP intoxicated mice. Boldine and NAC simultaneous treatments prevented APAP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and necrosis. The results of this study suggest the crucial role of boldine to protect against APAP induced hepatotoxicity by virtue of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Keyphrases
- drug induced
- liver failure
- liver injury
- oxidative stress
- hepatitis b virus
- diabetic rats
- anti inflammatory
- respiratory failure
- rheumatoid arthritis
- high fat diet induced
- end stage renal disease
- high glucose
- transcription factor
- chronic kidney disease
- adipose tissue
- small molecule
- intensive care unit
- type diabetes
- ejection fraction
- emergency department
- newly diagnosed
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- heat shock protein
- peritoneal dialysis
- dna damage
- climate change
- skeletal muscle
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- binding protein
- patient reported