In Vitro Models for Improved Therapeutic Interventions in Atrial Fibrillation.
Jara M Baena-MontesMarcin J KraśnyMartin O'HalloranEoghan DunneLeo R QuinlanPublished in: Journal of personalized medicine (2023)
Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmias in humans, mostly caused by hyper excitation of specific areas in the atrium resulting in dyssynchronous atrial contractions, leading to severe consequences such as heart failure and stroke. Current therapeutics aim to target this condition through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. To test and validate any of these treatments, an appropriate preclinical model must be carefully chosen to refine and optimise the therapy features to correctly reverse this condition. A broad range of preclinical models have been developed over the years, with specific features and advantages to closely mimic the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. In this review, currently available models are described, from traditional animal models and in vitro cell cultures to state-of-the-art organoids and organs-on-a-chip. The advantages, applications and limitations of each model are discussed, providing the information to select the appropriate model for each research application.
Keyphrases
- atrial fibrillation
- heart failure
- catheter ablation
- left atrial appendage
- left atrial
- oral anticoagulants
- direct oral anticoagulants
- cell therapy
- left ventricular
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- single cell
- high throughput
- early onset
- acute coronary syndrome
- inferior vena cava
- pulmonary artery
- venous thromboembolism
- stem cells
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- circulating tumor cells
- mitral valve
- pulmonary embolism
- blood brain barrier
- social media