Middle East Respiratory Syndrome - What Every Otolaryngologist Should Know: A Review.
Ahmad K AlnemarePublished in: International journal of general medicine (2020)
In this study, we illustrate the history of Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) infection from the first reported case to the disease's outbreak and subsequent worldwide decline, with the aim of briefly defining the problem for the benefit of otolaryngologists. MERS-CoV belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes a zoonotic disease, MERS, with strong camel to human and weak human to human transmission. The first documented case of MERS was reported in Saudi Arabia in June 2012. Viral replication produces inflammatory markers targeting T lymphocytes, with apoptosis being the end result. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of this virus is not yet fully understood. The main symptomatic appearance is of mild lower respiratory tract infection with dyspnea and persistent cough in addition to systemic manifestations. The diagnosis is mainly based on the use of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of viral ribonucleic acid in the sputum or tracheal fluids. Otolaryngologic treatment mainly involves supportive adjuvant usage of interferon or antiviral drugs; however, approximately one-third of patients may not survive, and, therefore, otolaryngologists should be familiar with and remain mindful of the disease.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- endothelial cells
- respiratory tract
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- end stage renal disease
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- oxidative stress
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- coronavirus disease
- cystic fibrosis
- newly diagnosed
- prognostic factors
- drug delivery
- dendritic cells
- quantum dots
- signaling pathway
- combination therapy
- real time pcr
- cell cycle arrest