Identifying characteristics of dermal fibroblasts in skin homeostasis and disease.

Heterogeneous dermal fibroblasts are the main components that constitute the dermis. Distinct fibroblast subgroups show specific characteristics and functional plasticity that determine the dermal structure during skin development and wound healing. Although researchers have described the roles of fibroblast subsets, it is not completely understood. Here, we reviewed the recent evidence supporting our understanding of the heterogeneity of fibroblasts. We summarized the origins and the identified profiles of fibroblast subpopulations. The characteristics of fibroblast subpopulations in both healthy and diseased states are highlighted, and the potentialities of subpopulations in the distinct manners of the healing process are discussed. Additionally, we reviewed the plasticity of subpopulations and the underlying signaling mechanism. This review may provide greater insights into novel therapeutic targets and tissue regeneration strategies for the future.