Sensitivity and specificity of International Classification of Diseases algorithms (ICD-9 and ICD-10) used to identify opioid-related overdose cases: A systematic review and an example of estimation using Bayesian latent class models in the absence of gold standards.
Fiston Ikwa Ndol MbutiwiAyekoe Patrick Junior YapoSerge Esako ToirambeErin ReesRebecca PlouffeHélène CarabinPublished in: Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique (2024)
Evidence on the performance of ICD algorithms in detecting OOD events is scarce, and the absence of bias correction for imperfect tests leads to an underestimation of the sensitivity of ICD code estimates.