A prospective randomized, double-blinded clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus morphine-bupivacaine in caudal epidurals in cats with urethral obstruction.
Chap L PrattAnusha BalakrishnanErin McGowanKenneth J DrobatzErica L ReinekePublished in: Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) (2020)
Caudal epidural appears to be safe, may reduce the amount of IV anesthesia needed to facilitate urinary catheterization, and can be used to provide long-term analgesia in the hospital.