The association between short-term ambient sulfur dioxide exposure and hospitalization costs of ischemic stroke: a hospital-based study in Chongqing, China.

Evidence of the short-term effects of ambient sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) exposure on the economic burden of ischemic stroke is limited. This study aimed to explore the association between short-term ambient SO 2 exposure and hospitalization costs for ischemic stroke in Chongqing, the most populous city in China. The hospital-based study included 7271 ischemic stroke inpatients. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the association between SO 2 concentration and hospitalization costs. Propensity score matching was used to compare the patients' characteristics when exposed to SO 2 concentrations above and below 20 μg/m 3 . It is found that short-term SO 2 exposure was positively correlated with the hospitalization costs of ischemic stroke. The association was more evident in males, people younger than 65, and people hospitalized in the cool seasons. Besides, among the components of hospitalization costs, medicine costs were most significantly associated with SO 2 . More interesting, the lower concentration of SO 2 , the higher costs associated with 1 μg/m 3 SO 2 change. Above all, SO 2 was positively associated with hospitalization costs of ischemic stroke, even at its low levels. The measures to reduce the level of SO 2 can help reduce the burden of ischemic stroke.