Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases.
Jiayu HuangWeiqi HongMeihua WanLimin ZhengPublished in: MedComm (2022)
Evidence shows that neutrophils can protect the host against pathogens in multiple ways, including the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like structures composed of fibers, DNA, histones, and various neutrophil granule proteins. NETs can capture and kill pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The process of NET formation is called NETosis. According to whether they depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), NETosis can be divided into two categories: "suicidal" NETosis and "vital" NETosis. However, NET components, including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cell-free DNA, cause a proinflammatory response and potentially severe diseases. Compelling evidence indicates a link between NETs and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, small-vessel vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, COVID-19, and others. Therefore, targeting the process and products of NETosis is critical for treating diseases linked with NETosis. Researchers have discovered that several NET inhibitors, such as toll-like receptor inhibitors and reactive oxygen species scavengers, can prevent uncontrolled NET development. This review summarizes the mechanism of NETosis, the receptors associated with NETosis, the pathology of NETosis-induced diseases, and NETosis-targeted therapy.
Keyphrases
- toll like receptor
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- reactive oxygen species
- coronavirus disease
- immune response
- acute kidney injury
- intensive care unit
- squamous cell carcinoma
- high resolution
- disease activity
- early onset
- nuclear factor
- drug delivery
- depressive symptoms
- young adults
- papillary thyroid
- high glucose
- single molecule
- multidrug resistant
- antimicrobial resistance
- endothelial cells
- ulcerative colitis