One-Pot Green Process to Synthesize MXene with Controllable Surface Terminations using Molten Salts.

Surface terminations of two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) considerably impact its physicochemical properties. Commonly used etching methods usually introduce -F surface terminations or metallic impurities in MXene. We present a new molten-salt-assisted electrochemical etching method to synthesize fluorine-free Ti3 C2 Cl2 . Using electrons as reaction agents, cathode reduction and anode etching can be spatially isolated; thus, no metallics are present in the Ti3 C2 Cl2 product. The surface terminations can be in situ modified from -Cl to -O and/or -S, which considerably shortens the modification steps and enriches the variety of surface terminations. The obtained -O-terminated Ti3 C2 Tx are excellent electrode materials for supercapacitors, exhibiting capacitances of 225 F g-1 at 1.0 Ag-1 , good rate performance (91.1 % at 10 Ag-1 ), and excellent capacitance retention (100 % after 10000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 Ag-1 ), which is superior to multi-layered Ti3 C2 Tx prepared by other etching methods.