Effect of chemical and electrochemical decontamination protocols on single and multiple-used healing abutments: A comparative analysis of contact surface area, micro-gap, micro-leakage, and surface topography.

Chemical and electrochemical decontamination protocols are more effective than NaOCl cleaning methods, particularly for multiple consecutive uses with better decontamination levels, which decreases micro-gap volume and microleakage without surface alterations. Although the use of combined decontamination protocols for the contact surface area at the implant-HA interface showed comparable results with the control, change in the contact surface area was observed following the NaOCl cleaning methods. Therefore, titanium HA reuse can be considered in multiple times, if they are cleaned and sterilized using combined chemical and electrochemical decontamination protocols.