Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.
James S SantangeloRob W NessBeata CohanConnor R FitzpatrickSimon G InnesSophie KochLindsay S MilesSamreen MunimPedro R Peres-NetoCindy PrashadAlex T TongWindsor Efren Aguirre MaldonadoPhilips O AkinwoleMarina AlbertiJackie ÁlvarezJill T AndersonJoseph J AndersonYoshino AndoNigel R AndrewFabio AngeolettoDaniel N AnstettJulia AnstettFelipe Aoki-GonçalvesA Z Andis AriettaMary T K ArroyoEmily J AustenFernanda Baena-DíazCory A BarkerHoward A BaylisJulia M BelizAlfonso Benitez-MoraDavid BickfordGabriela BiedebachGwylim S BlackburnMannfred M A BoehmStephen P BonserDries BonteJesse R BraggerCristina BranquinhoKristien I BransJorge C BrescianoPeta D BromAnna BucharovaBriana BurtJames F CahillKatelyn D CampbellElizabeth J CarlenDiego CarmonaMaria Clara CastellanosGiada CentenaroIzan ChalenJaime A ChavesMariana Chávez-PesqueiraXiao-Yong ChenAngela M ChiltonKristina M ChomiakDiego F Cisneros-HerediaIbrahim K CisseAimée T ClassenMattheau S ComerfordCamila Cordoba FradingerHannah CorneyAndrew J CrawfordKerri M CrawfordMaxime DahirelSantiago DavidRobert De HaanNicholas J DeaconClare DeanEk Del-ValEleftherios K DeligiannisDerek A DenneyMargarete A DettlaffMichelle F DiLeoYuan-Yuan DingMoisés E Domínguez-LópezDavide M DominoniSavannah L DraudKaren DysonJacintha EllersCarlos Iván EspinosaLiliana EssiMohsen Falahati-AnbaranJéssica C de Faria FalcãoHayden T FargoMark D E FellowesRaina M FitzpatrickLeah E FlahertyPádraic J FloodMaría F FloresJuan FornoniAmy G FosterChristopher J FrostTracy L FuentesJustin R FulkersonEdeline GagnonFrauke GarbschColin J GarrowayAleeza Cara GersteinMischa M GiassonE Binney GirdlerSpyros GkelisWilliam GodsoeAnneke M GolemiecMireille GolemiecCésar González LagosAmanda J GortonKiyoko M GotandaGustaf GranathStephan GreinerJoanna S GriffithsFilipa GriloPedro E GundelBenjamin HamiltonJoyce M HardinTianhua HeStephen B HeardAndré F HenriquesMelissa Hernández-PovedaMolly C Hetherington-RauthSarah J HillDieter F HochuliKathryn A HodginsGlen Ray HoodGareth R HopkinsKatherine A HovanesAva R HowardSierra C HubbardCarlos N Ibarra-CerdeñaCarlos Iñiguez-ArmijosPaola Jara-ArancioBenjamin J M JarrettManon JeannotVania Jiménez-LobatoMae JohnsonOscar JohnsonPhilip P JohnsonReagan JohnsonMatthew P JosephsonMeen Chel JungMichael G JustAapo KahilainenOtto S KailingEunice Kariñho-BetancourtRegina KarousouLauren A KirnAnna KirschbaumAnna-Liisa LaineJalene M LaMontagneChristian LampeiCarlos LaraErica L LarsonAdrián Lázaro-LoboJennifer H LeDeleon S LeandroChristopher LeeYunting LeiCarolina A LeónManuel E Lequerica TamaraDanica C LevesqueWan-Jin LiaoMegan LjubotinaHannah LockeMartin T LockettTiffany C LongoJeremy T LundholmThomas MacGillavryChristopher R MackinAlex R MahmoudIsaac A ManjuJanine MariënD Nayeli MartínezMarina Martínez-BartoloméEmily K MeinekeWendy Mendoza-ArroyoThomas J S MerrittLila Elizabeth L MerrittGiuditta MigianiEmily S MinorNora MitchellMitra Mohammadi BazarganiAngela T MolesJulia D MonkChristopher M MoorePaula A Morales-MoralesBrook T MoyersMiriam Muñoz-RojasJason Munshi-SouthShannon M MurphyMaureen M MurúaMelisa NeilaOurania NikolaidisIva NjunjićPeter NoskoJuan Núñez-FarfánTakayuki OhgushiKenneth M OlsenØystein H OpedalCristina OrnelasAmy L ParachnowitschAaron S ParatoreAngela M Parody-MerinoJuraj PauleOctávio S PauloJoão Carlos de Castro PenaVera W PfeifferPedro PinhoAnthony PiotIlga M PorthNicholas PoulosAdriana PuentesJiao QuEstela Quintero-VallejoSteve M RacitiJoost André Maria RaeymaekersKrista M RavealaDiana J RennisonMilton Cezar RibeiroJonathan L RichardsonGonzalo Rivas TorresBenjamin J RiveraAdam B RoddyErika Rodriguez-MuñozJosé Raúl RománLaura S RossiJennifer K RowntreeTravis J RyanSantiago SalinasNathan J SandersLuis Y Santiago-RosarioAmy Marie SavageJ F ScheepensMenno SchilthuizenAdam C SchneiderTiffany ScholierJared L ScottSummer A ShaheedRichard P SheffersonCaralee A ShepardJacqui A ShykoffGeorgianna SilveiraAlexis D SmithLizet Solis-GabrielAntonella SoroKatie V SpellmanKaitlin Stack WhitneyIndra Starke-OttichJörg G StephanJessica D StephensJustyna SzulcMarta SzulkinAyco J M TackÍtalo TamburrinoTayler D TateEmmanuel TergeminaPanagiotis TheodorouKen A ThompsonCaragh Grace ThrelfallRobin M TinghitellaLilibeth Toledo-ChelalaXin TongLéa UroyShunsuke UtsumiMartijn L VandegehuchteAcer VanWallendaelPaula M VidalSusana M WadgymarAi-Ying WangNian WangMontana L WarbrickKenneth D WhitneyMiriam WiesmeierJ Tristian WilesJianqiang WuZoe A XirocostasZhaogui YanJiahe YaoJeremy B YoderOwen YoshidaJingxiong ZhangZhi-Gang ZhaoCarly D ZiterMatthew P ZuelligRebecca A ZufallJuan E ZuritaSharon E ZytynskaMarc T J JohnsonPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2022)
Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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