Real-Time Ultrasound Imaging of the Tear Trough: Lessons Learned from Functional Anatomy.
Mariana CalomeniMichael G AlfertshoferKonstantin FrankNicholas MoellhoffRebekah DennisonBruna BravoLeonie SchelkePeter VelthuisJeremy B GreenSebastian CotofanaPublished in: Aesthetic surgery journal (2021)
The diameter and the venous blood flow of the angular vein varied between the three tested facial expressions. Based on these anatomical findings, the deep injection approach to the tear trough is recommended due to the intramuscular course of the angular vein.