Mono- and dialdehyde of trehalose: new synthons to prepare trehalose bio-conjugates.

Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose, is a natural bioactive and non-toxic sugar. It is found in many organisms that synthesise it when their cells are exposed to stress conditions. While not produced by mammalian cells, this disaccharide and also some of its derivatives have been shown to have a number of interesting properties that indicate their importance in the treatment of certain human diseases. Differentiating the two glucosyl moieties in the trehalose molecule has often been a synthetic challenge. We report here an easy way to obtain the monoaldehyde of trehalose, as well as the relevant symmetrical dialdehyde. The reactivity of the aldehyde functionalities involved in the molecular structure of these synthons allows the easy preparation of the corresponding amino or carboxy derivatives of trehalose, as well the synthesis of some new trehalose conjugates useful for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.