Short-term effects of hyaluronic acid on the subgingival microbiome in peri-implantitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

HA reduced the relative abundance of peri-implantitis-related microorganisms, especially the early colonizing bacteria, suggesting a specific action during the first stages in the development of the disease. HA did not alter relative abundances of non-oral genera. The use of HA in advanced stages of peri-implantitis resulted in a decrease in microbial alpha diversity, suggesting a protective action of the peri-implant site against bacteria colonization.