Toxicological and molecular profiling of insecticide resistance in a Brazilian strain of fall armyworm resistant to Bt Cry1 proteins.

Our results indicate that multiple/cross-resistance mechanisms may have developed in the Sf_Des strain to conventional insecticides and Bt insecticidal proteins. The systematic toxicological analysis presented will help to guide recommendations for an efficient resistance management. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.