Growth differentiation factor 11 impairs titanium implant healing in the femur and leads to mandibular bone loss.
Weiqing LiuLiyan ZhouHanxiao XueHanshi LiQuan YuanPublished in: Journal of periodontology (2020)
Rather than functioning as a rejuvenating factor, exogenous GDF11 negatively affects not only titanium implant healing but also mandibular bone in both young and old mice. In contrast, neutralization of endogenous GDF11 has positive effects on implant fixation in aged mice.