Review of the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pharmacological Symptom Management.
Ladan PanahiGeorge UdeaniSteven HoBrett KnoxJason MaillePublished in: Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2021)
Nearly a billion adults around the world are affected by a disease that is characterized by upper airway collapse while sleeping called obstructive sleep apnea or OSA. The progression and lasting effects of untreated OSA include an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and heart failure. There is often a decrease in quality-of-life scores and an increased rate of mortality in these patients. The most common and effective treatments for OSA include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), surgical treatment, behavior modification, changes in lifestyle, and mandibular advancement devices. There are currently no pharmacological options approved for the standard treatment of OSA. There are, however, some pharmacological treatments for daytime sleepiness caused by OSA. Identifying and treating obstructive sleep apnea early is important to reduce the risks of future complications.
Keyphrases
- obstructive sleep apnea
- positive airway pressure
- sleep apnea
- heart failure
- end stage renal disease
- atrial fibrillation
- blood pressure
- ejection fraction
- metabolic syndrome
- risk factors
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- peritoneal dialysis
- cardiovascular disease
- risk assessment
- patient reported
- cardiovascular events
- physical activity
- current status
- human health
- brain injury
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- acute heart failure
- cerebral ischemia