Assessment of neuron-specific enolase, S100B and malondialdehyde levels in serum and vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Our results clearly show that vitreous levels of S100B, NSE and MDA and serum concentrations of NSE and S100B increased significantly in patients with PDR. The findings may possibly indicate neurodegeneration and oxidative stress; therefore, these markers may have a diagnostic value in patients with PDR.