Transglutaminase antibodies and celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes and in their family members.

The children with double diagnosis differed from those with diabetes alone in HLA genetics, humoral islet autoimmunity directed against fewer antigens, and in the lack of usual female preponderance among CD patients. Compared with 61% of the anti-tTG positive relatives, only 36% of anti-tTG positive index children developed CD implicating transient anti-tTG positivity at diagnosis of T1D.