Increasing effort without noticing: A randomized controlled pilot study about the ergogenic placebo effect in endurance athletes and the role of supplement salience.
Ellen K BroelzSebastian WolfPatrick SchneeweissAndreas M NiessPaul EnckKatja WeimerPublished in: PloS one (2018)
High salience placebo ergogenic aids can elicit enhanced performance without the athlete noticing (exertion), and deception of athletes seems unnecessary as even believing to have received an inactive placebo supplement maintains the ergogenic placebo response.