Left atrial anatomy relevant to catheter ablation.
Damián Sánchez-QuintanaJose Ramon Lopez-MinguezYolanda MaciasJosé Angel CabreraFarhood SaremiPublished in: Cardiology research and practice (2014)
The rapid development of interventional procedures for the treatment of arrhythmias in humans, especially the use of catheter ablation techniques, has renewed interest in cardiac anatomy. Although the substrates of atrial fibrillation (AF), its initiation and maintenance, remain to be fully elucidated, catheter ablation in the left atrium (LA) has become a common therapeutic option for patients with this arrhythmia. Using ablation catheters, various isolation lines and focal targets are created, the majority of which are based on gross anatomical, electroanatomical, and myoarchitectual patterns of the left atrial wall. Our aim was therefore to review the gross morphological and architectural features of the LA and their relations to extracardiac structures. The latter have also become relevant because extracardiac complications of AF ablation can occur, due to injuries to the phrenic and vagal plexus nerves, adjacent coronary arteries, or the esophageal wall causing devastating consequences.
Keyphrases
- catheter ablation
- left atrial
- atrial fibrillation
- left atrial appendage
- oral anticoagulants
- direct oral anticoagulants
- heart failure
- coronary artery disease
- children with cerebral palsy
- coronary artery
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- left ventricular
- risk factors
- ultrasound guided
- combination therapy
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary hypertension
- acute coronary syndrome
- mitral valve
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- inferior vena cava
- aortic stenosis
- sensitive detection
- vena cava