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Effects of firsthand tobacco smoking on retinal vessel caliber: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Vincent L YuenXiu Juan ZhangXiangtian LingYuzhou ZhangKa Wai KamLi Jia ChenPatrick IpClement C ThamCarol Y CheungChi Pui PangJason C S Yam
Published in: Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie (2023)
Firsthand tobacco smoking resulted in wider CRAE and CRVE in current and former smokers, particularly in CRVE, and such changes may not be reversible after smoking cessation. Therefore, retinal vessel caliber may reflect the effects of firsthand tobacco smoking and be used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Keyphrases
  • smoking cessation
  • replacement therapy
  • optical coherence tomography
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • cardiovascular disease
  • optic nerve
  • type diabetes
  • metabolic syndrome