Effects of firsthand tobacco smoking on retinal vessel caliber: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Vincent L YuenXiu Juan ZhangXiangtian LingYuzhou ZhangKa Wai KamLi Jia ChenPatrick IpClement C ThamCarol Y CheungChi Pui PangJason C S Yam

Published in: Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie (2023)

Firsthand tobacco smoking resulted in wider CRAE and CRVE in current and former smokers, particularly in CRVE, and such changes may not be reversible after smoking cessation. Therefore, retinal vessel caliber may reflect the effects of firsthand tobacco smoking and be used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Keyphrases

smoking cessation
replacement therapy
optical coherence tomography
diabetic retinopathy
cardiovascular disease
optic nerve
type diabetes
metabolic syndrome