WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators among tertiary regional referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a call to strengthen antibiotic stewardship programmes.

We found substantial empirical prescribing and overuse of antibiotics exceeding WHO recommendations. Antibiotic overuse varied across the hospitals. Being male, having underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus, and/or being treated at Temeke hospital were associated with receiving an antibiotic prescription. We recommend strengthening antibiotic stewardship programmes in the studied facilities.