Levetiracetam: a potent sword against microglia polarization in gliomas.

Crosstalk between tumor cells and peritumoral cells contributes to immunosuppressive microenvironment formation in glioblastomas (GBMs). A recent study revealed that glioma stem cells activated neuronal activity to promote microglial M2 polarization for leading to GBM progression, which could be pharmacologically blocked by Levetiracetam, providing a practical strategy for GBM immunotherapy.