MicroRNA in extracellular vesicles regulates inflammation through macrophages under hypoxia.
Ye LiJin TanYuyang MiaoQiang ZhangPublished in: Cell death discovery (2021)
Extracellular vesicle (EV), critical mediators of cell-cell communication, allow cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material and therefore profoundly affect the general homeostasis. A hypoxic environment can affect the biogenesis and secrete of EVs, and the cargoes carried can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In hypoxia-induced inflammation, microRNA(miRNA) in EV participates in transcriptional regulation through various pathways to promote or reduce the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, as an important factor of immune response, the polarization of macrophages is closely linked to miRNAs, which will eventually affect the inflammatory state. In this review, we outline the possible molecular mechanism of EV changes under hypoxia, focusing on the signaling pathways of several microRNAs involved in inflammation regulation and describing the process and mechanism of EV-miRNAs regulating macrophage polarization in hypoxic diseases.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- induced apoptosis
- inflammatory response
- immune response
- single cell
- signaling pathway
- cell therapy
- endothelial cells
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- cell cycle arrest
- genome wide
- cell death
- dendritic cells
- toll like receptor
- stem cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- cell proliferation
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- endoplasmic reticulum stress