The Burden of Interstitial Lung Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Could Lung Ultrasound Have a Role in Its Detection? A Literature Review.
Gemma LepriMilica MarkovicSilvia Bellando-RandoneMarco SebastianiSerena GuiducciPublished in: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
Lung involvement represents a fearful complication in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), potentially involving all compartments of the pulmonary system. Regarding interstitial lung disease (ILD), the HRCT represents the gold standard technique for its diagnosis; however, the examination is burdened by radiation exposure and high costs. In addition, although some risk factors for ILD are known, no algorithms exist to know which patients to submit to HRCT and when. In this context, lung ultrasound (LUS) showed promising results for at least 10 years, demonstrating correlation with high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in other rheumatic diseases. Here, LUS may represent a screening test providing additional information to clinical examination and pulmonary function tests. The data deriving from LUS experience in other rheumatic diseases could steer the future towards the use of this technique also in RA patients, and in this review, we report the most relevant literature regarding LUS in RA-ILD.
Keyphrases
- interstitial lung disease
- rheumatoid arthritis
- systemic sclerosis
- computed tomography
- disease activity
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- end stage renal disease
- high resolution
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- healthcare
- prognostic factors
- ankylosing spondylitis
- systematic review
- deep learning
- case report
- positron emission tomography
- artificial intelligence
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- magnetic resonance
- contrast enhanced
- data analysis
- label free