Tailoring Vanadium-Based Magnetic Catalyst by In Situ Encapsulation of Tungsten Disulfide and Applications in Abatement of Multiple Pollutants.

A magnetic nanocomposite of tungsten and vanadium was employed as a catalyst for the mitigation of water contaminants, including a carcinogenic dye (Congo red, CR), a widely used pesticide (glyphosate), and the bacterial strain Escherichia coli . Additionally, it was subjected to several characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy examination validated the synthesized nanoparticles' crystalline nature, and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were employed to examine the morphology and elemental composition of the catalyst. The use of thermogravimetric analysis enabled the elaboration of the thermal behavior of tungsten sulfide-vanadium decorated with Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The experiments were conducted under visible light conditions. The highest levels of photodegradation of 96.24 ± 2.5% for CR and 98 ± 1.8% for glyphosate were observed following a 180 min exposure to visible light at pH values of 6 and 8, respectively. The quantum yields for CR and Gly were calculated to be 9.2 × 10 -3 and 4.9 × 10 -4 molecules photon -1 , respectively. The findings from the scavenger analysis suggest the involvement of hydroxyl radicals in the degradation mechanism. The study evaluated the inhibition of E. coli growth when exposed to a concentration of 0.1 g/10 mL of the photocatalyst, utilizing a 1 mL sample of the bacterial strain. The successful elimination of CR and glyphosate from water-based solutions, along with the subsequent antibacterial experiments, has substantiated the efficacy of the photocatalyst in the field of environmental remediation.