Molecular detection of Schistosoma haematobium in infected Bulinus truncatus snails associated with immune response.
Shereen Mahfouz MansourHanaa Mohamed Abu El EininMenerva Maher TadrousSamah Ibrahim GhonamePublished in: Microscopy research and technique (2023)
Schistosomiasis is one of the most common waterborne parasite illnesses, it is a major public health issue in developing countries. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is used to find Schistosoma haematobium DNA in Bulinus truncatus, which could speed up the discovery of infections before cercariae are shed. DraI-PCR detected S. haematobium infection at different infection intervals with bands at 300 bp in shedding snails 40 days after exposure and even on the first day after B. turancuts snails exposure to miracidia. Transmission electron microscopy showed the structure of sporocyst from 1 to 40 days post-exposure and activated hemocytes in infected non-shedding snails as well as sporocyst degradation. Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of Bax and TGF-β1 positive stained cells that have been linked with infection progression. In conclusion, molecular tools and immune response play an important role in the strategy of controlling schistosomiasis through the early detection of larval stages in intermediate hosts toward certification of schistosomiasis elimination. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: DraI-PCR allowed early detection of S. haematobium at 300 bp in B. truncatus snail. Transmission electron microscopy showed the structure of S. haematobium sporocyst in snail and activated hemocytes in non-shedding snail. Bax protein that induced apoptotic changes and Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 level have been linked with parasite development.
Keyphrases
- transforming growth factor
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- electron microscopy
- immune response
- induced apoptosis
- public health
- flow cytometry
- signaling pathway
- cell death
- small molecule
- oxidative stress
- dendritic cells
- single molecule
- plasmodium falciparum
- real time pcr
- inflammatory response
- high throughput
- endothelial cells
- pi k akt