Rejuvenated iPSC-derived GD2-directed CART cells harbor robust cytotoxicity against small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is exceptionally aggressive, with limited treatment options. Disialoganglioside (GD2) is highly expressed on SCLC and is considered a good target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CARTs). Although GD2-directed CARTs (GD2-CARTs) exhibit cytotoxicity against various GD2-expressing tumors, they lack significant cytotoxicity against SCLC. To enhance cytotoxicity of GD2-CARTs against SCLC, we introduced GD2-CAR into iPSC-derived rejuvenated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (GD2-CARrejTs). GD2-CARrejTs acted much more strongly against SCLC cells than did GD2-CARTs both in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing elucidated that levels of expression of TIGIT were significantly lower and levels of expression of genes associated with cytotoxicity were significantly higher in GD2-CARrejTs than those in GD2-CARTs. Dual blockade of TIGIT and programmed death-1 (PD-1) increased the cytotoxicity of GD2-CARTs to some extent, suggesting that low TIGIT and PD-1 expression of GD2-CARrejTs is a major factor required for robust cytotoxicity against SCLC. Not only for robust cytotoxicity but also for availability as "off-the-shelf" T cell therapy, iPSC-derived GD2-CARrejTs are a promising novel treatment for SCLC.