Botulinum toxin A treatment in facial palsy synkinesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Frank W de JonghAnouk W M A SchaeffersZoë E KooremanKoen J A O IngelsNiels van HeerbeekCarien BeurskensStan J MonstreySjaak PouwelsPublished in: European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2022)
Many treatment strategies for synkinesis exist, consisting of varying BTX-A brands, dosages, time intervals and different injection locations. Moreover, the individual complaints are very specific, which complicates creating a standardized chemodenervation treatment protocol. The BTX-A treatment of long-term synkinesis is very individual and further studies should focus on a patient-tailored treatment instead of trying to standardize treatment.
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