A bimodal pattern of the onset of COVID-19 related acute pancreatitis supports both the cytotoxic and immune-related pathogenesis - a systematic review.

We conclude that the bi-modal pattern of the onset of symptoms supports both the cytotoxic and the immune-related pathogenesis of the pancreatic injury. Acute pancreatitis may be the first symptom of COVID-19 infection. Necrosis of the pancreas is rare.