Toward Transpulmonary Chemoembolization with Degradable Starch Microspheres: Systematic Analysis of Local and Systemic Effects in a Porcine Model.

In this large-animal model, TPCE and TPE appear feasible and safe. We observed a mild increase in pulmonary arterial pressure. Nontarget embolization did not occur. TPCE, as well as TPE, did not cause structural damage to the normal lung parenchyma.