Direct neural coding of speech: Reconsideration of Whalen et al. (2006) (L).

Previous brain imaging results indicated that speech perception proceeded independently of the auditory primitives that are the product of primary auditory cortex [Whalen, Benson, Richardson, Swainson, Clark, Lai, Mencl, Fulbright, Constable, and Liberman (2006). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 575-581]. Recent evidence using electrocorticography [Hamilton, Oganian, Hall, and Chang (2021). Cell 184, 4626-4639] indicates that there is a more direct connection from subcortical regions to cortical speech regions than previous studies had shown. Although the mechanism differs, the Hamilton, Oganian, Hall, and Chang result supports the original conclusion even more strongly: Speech perception does not rely on the analysis of primitives from auditory analysis. Rather, the speech signal is processed as speech from the beginning.