Recovery of Valuable Materials from End-of-Life Photovoltaic Solar Panels.

The disposal of end-of-life (EOL) photovoltaic solar panels has become a relevant environmental issue as they are considered to be a hazardous electronic waste. On the other hand, enormous benefits are achieved from recovering valuable metals and materials from such waste. Eventually, physical and chemical processing will become the most important stages during the recycling process. A physical treatment including crushing, grinding, and screening was achieved, and it was observed that a fine fraction of -0.25 mm had the maximum percentage of the required materials. Moreover, the optimum chemical treatment conditions were adjusted to reach the maximum recovery of silver, aluminum, and silicon. The synthesis of silicon oxide, silver oxide, alunite, and K-Alum from leachant solution was performed through a simple route. The structural and morphological properties of the prepared materials were defined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).