Urinary tract washing specimens containing atypical urothelial tissue fragments are significantly associated with urothelial neoplasia.

Urothelial tissue fragments (UTF) found in UW specimens should be examined for the presence of cytomorphological atypia, as the presence of AUTF almost triples the risk of HGUC. As opposed to what has been found in VU specimens, AUTF in UW specimens is also associated with an increased risk of LGUN.