The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 34%. DR was determined by high systolic blood pressure, old age, and employment. Although not statistically significant, gender, hyperglycemic state, poor glycemic control, smoking, and increased body mass index (BMI) were associated with increased risk of developing DR.
Keyphrases
- diabetic retinopathy
- glycemic control
- south africa
- body mass index
- blood pressure
- type diabetes
- blood glucose
- optical coherence tomography
- hiv positive
- editorial comment
- weight gain
- weight loss
- hypertensive patients
- heart failure
- insulin resistance
- risk factors
- heart rate
- physical activity
- cardiovascular disease
- mental health
- smoking cessation
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- hiv infected