Xenograft models for pediatric cancer therapies.
Kevin Owen McNerneyDavid Trent TeacheyPublished in: Faculty reviews (2021)
The prognosis for childhood cancer has improved considerably over the past 50 years. This improvement is attributed to well-designed clinical trials which have incorporated chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. With an increased understanding of cancer biology and genetics, we have entered an era of precision medicine and immunotherapy that provides potential for improved cure rates. However, preclinical evaluation of these therapies is more nuanced, requiring more robust animal models. Evaluation of targeted treatments requires molecularly defined xenograft models that can capture the diversity within pediatric cancer. The development of novel immunotherapies ideally involves the use of animal models that can accurately recapitulate the human immune response. In this review, we provide an overview of xenograft models for childhood cancers, review successful examples of novel therapies translated from xenograft models to the clinic, and describe the modern tools of xenograft biobanks and humanized xenograft models for the study of immunotherapies.
Keyphrases
- childhood cancer
- papillary thyroid
- young adults
- immune response
- clinical trial
- squamous cell
- primary care
- endothelial cells
- risk assessment
- stem cells
- squamous cell carcinoma
- bone marrow
- drug delivery
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- inflammatory response
- coronary artery disease
- radiation induced
- locally advanced
- mesenchymal stem cells
- open label
- atrial fibrillation
- coronary artery bypass
- phase iii