Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: Progress, Promises and Challenges.
Robin AugustineMert GezekVasilios K NikolopoulosPaige Lauren BuckNazli Seray BostanciGulden Camci-UnalPublished in: Stem cell reviews and reports (2024)
Bone defects from accidents, congenital conditions, and age-related diseases significantly impact quality of life. Recent advancements in bone tissue engineering (TE) involve biomaterial scaffolds, patient-derived cells, and bioactive agents, enabling functional bone regeneration. Stem cells, obtained from numerous sources including umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, bone marrow, and dental pulp, hold immense potential in bone TE. Induced pluripotent stem cells and genetically modified stem cells can also be used. Proper manipulation of physical, chemical, and biological stimulation is crucial for their proliferation, maintenance, and differentiation. Stem cells contribute to osteogenesis, osteoinduction, angiogenesis, and mineralization, essential for bone regeneration. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in stem cell-based TE for repairing and regenerating defective bones.
Keyphrases
- bone regeneration
- stem cells
- tissue engineering
- mesenchymal stem cells
- umbilical cord
- adipose tissue
- bone marrow
- cell therapy
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- signaling pathway
- mental health
- endothelial cells
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- physical activity
- metabolic syndrome
- climate change
- drinking water
- skeletal muscle
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- soft tissue
- high fat diet
- bone loss
- human health