Molecular subtype switching in early-stage gastric cancers with multiple occurrences.
Shinya TakaokaYosuke HirotsuHiroshi OhyamaHitoshi MochizukiKenji AmemiyaToshio OyamaHiroshi AshizawaDai YoshimuraKeiko NakagomiKenji HosodaYoji SuzukiYuichiro KojimaMasao OmataPublished in: Journal of gastroenterology (2019)
Despite multiple tumors occurring in the same patient simultaneously or several years apart, clonal origin was totally different. 'Switching' or 'mixing' of dMMR and pMMR, EBV or CIN occurred, which had clinical relevance with regard to immunotherapy.